There are many models of communication developed by noted theorists of different disciplines. Among the theorists; Aristotle, Lasswell, Shannon, Weaver, McLuhan, MacLean, Rileys, Westley, Gerbner, Rothstein, Schramn, Berlo, Osgood, Johnson, Cherry are the renowned ones. Some important and well-known models of communication are discussed below: 1. Aristotle’s model of communication: Aristotle, the well known Ancient […]
Types of Communication
What is downward communication? [Objectives and Methods]
Downward communication is the communication where information or messages flows from the top of the organizational structure from the bottom of the organizational structure. Downward communication occurs when information flows down the hierarch form superiors to subordinates. This type of communication may forms such as staff meetings, company newsletter, company policy statement, information memos, e-mail, […]
How can you make downward communication effective?
On the basis of nature, time and importance of the message that will be sent, media of communication will be selected. The followings are the important media of downward communication. Oral media: When important message to be delivered to the sub-ordinate and others openly, then oral media is sued. Written media: When organization’s goal, plan, […]
Advantages and disadvantages of downward communication
Practically in downward communication system, the upper level acts as message sender and the lower level acts as message sender and the lower level acts as receiver of the message. Some advantages of downward communication system are as follows: Advantages of downward communication: Increase efficiency: Necessary instructions are sent to subordinates and they perform their […]
Advantages and disadvantages of upward communication
Here you will get about Advantages or merits or importance of upward communication and disadvantages of upward communication. Upward communication occurs when information flow upper the hierarchical form subordinates to superiors. The respective advantages of such communication are as follows- Advantages of upward communication Development of plan: The information received from subordinate plays important role […]