Communication through grapevine is a matter of spontaneous feelings. Some personal matters and other situations may cause these feelings. Keith Davis said in this regard- "The grapevine is more a product of situation than it is of the person." Typical examples...
Informal communication does not follow any officially recognized rule, regulation and system. It is independent of management control. Informal communication takes place in family, club, religious place, market and in the playground. It may take the shape of conversation...
The exchange of information between people at the same level as an organizational hierarchy is called horizontal communication. This communication supplies information neither to superiors nor to subordinates. Rather, information is exchanged between people holding the same rank position....
Cross-cultural communication has become essential to communicate with multi-cultural people. The following guidelines will help global managers to communicate effectively across cultures: Improving feedback system: One of the most important ways of improving the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication is to...
Communication process consists of a progression of stages by which message is transmitted from sender to receiver. The usual process of communication includes sender, encoding, message, channel, and receiver, decoding, and feedback. Mass communication process also entails some sequential...
