Author: Masudur Rashid

Horizontal communication occurs between people holding the same hierarchical position. Both written and oral methods are used to make horizontal communication effective. The methods or media or horizontal communication are discussed below: At last, it can be concluded that the efficacy of horizontal communication primarily depends on verbal means, yet written methods can be used to transmit important messages. Differences Between Horizontal and Vertical Communication Horizontal and vertical communications are the two different types of internal communication. These two types of communications differ in the following ways: Key Differences Let’s simplify the contrast between these two directions of communication with…

Imagine you are the captain of a massive ship. You are sailing through foggy waters in the middle of the night. You cannot see the rocks, the other ships, or the storm brewing ahead. Would you feel safe? Probably not. Running a business without a market report is exactly like that. You are moving forward blindfolded. In the world of business communication, information is power. A well-written market report gives you that power. It acts as a mirror of the economic condition of a country. It tells you where the market is going, warns you about competitors, and helps you…

Think about your last day at work. Did you hear about a new project before the official email arrived? Or maybe a colleague whispered something about management’s new idea during a coffee break? If yes, you already know how powerful informal communication can be. Informal networks, also called the grapevine, spread messages faster than official channels. They can build trust, reduce stress, and even spark innovation. However, if left unchecked, they can also spread gossip, rumors, and misunderstandings. So, the big question is, how can we use informal communication effectively? Let us explore strategies, principles, and real-life examples that make…

Requirement of a valid meeting There must be some requisites in order to validate the meeting. The necessary pare-conditions of a valid meeting are stated below: Right convening authority: A valid meeting must be convened by the proper authority otherwise it wills loss its validity. Company’s secretary is the proper authority to call a formal meeting. Proper notice: Duty signed notice must be submitted to members before meeting. The place of meeting, time and date must be stated on the notice. Proper publicity of agenda: Every member of the meeting should be properly informed of the agenda. Legal purposes: Every…

Picture this. A boardroom filled with directors, papers scattered across the table, everyone talking at once, and yet nothing concrete gets decided. Does that sound familiar? Sadly, many board meetings turn into long discussions with very little outcome. The truth is, board meetings are not just routine gatherings. They are where strategic decisions are made, risks are managed, and the future of the company is shaped. When run effectively, they strengthen governance and guide the business in the right direction. When run poorly, they waste time, money, and sometimes even damage trust among directors. In this guide, you will learn…